{"id":5655,"date":"2021-10-03T21:29:56","date_gmt":"2021-10-03T19:29:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/?page_id=5655"},"modified":"2026-03-24T12:21:41","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T12:21:41","slug":"i-system","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system","title":{"rendered":"\u2139\ufe0f Opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e1vody k opera\u010dn\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu Xubuntu <em>(desktopov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed Xfce)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h5><\/h5>\n<h5><ul class=\"mch-pagelist\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/\">MilChyn.cz<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/pocitac-s-linuxem\">Linux<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-linuxu\">O Linuxu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-multiseatu\">O MultiSeatu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-diskovem-raidu\">O diskov\u00e9m RAIDu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/pocitac-s-linuxem\/pocitac-s-xubuntu\">Po\u010d\u00edta\u010d s Xubuntu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-text-a-grafika\">\u2139\ufe0f Text a Grafika<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-multimedia\">\u2139\ufe0f Multim\u00e9dia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-internet\">\u2139\ufe0f Internet<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-desktop\">\u2139\ufe0f Desktop prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system\">\u2139\ufe0f Opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-zalohovani-obnova\">\u2139\ufe0f Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed a Obnova<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-navody-ostatni\">\u2139\ufe0f Ostatn\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/elektronika\">Elektronika<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/esp8266\">ESP8266<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/pic\">PIC Mikrokontrol\u00e9r<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/el-schemata\">El. sch\u00e9mata<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-mne\">O mn\u011b<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/h5>\n<h3><a id=\"disky\"><\/a><a href=\"#\" class=\"mch-gototop\" onclick=\"window.scrollTo({top: 0, behavior: 'smooth'}); return false;\">\u21a9\ufe0f\ufe0f<\/a> Disky<\/h3>\n<a id=\"bootov\u00e1n\u00ed_z_p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9_\u0159\u00e1dky_grubu\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-27\">Bootov\u00e1n\u00ed z p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dky GRUBu \ud83c\udd98<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-27\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<h5>P\u0159\u00edpad<\/h5>\n<p>Opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m se nechce zav\u00e9st do po\u010d\u00edta\u010de <em>(bootovat)<\/em> z p\u0159\u00ed\u010din:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>po\u0161kozen\u00ed \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GRUB\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GRUB<\/a> definice.<\/li>\n<li>po p\u0159ipojen\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho disku, kter\u00fd pro zaveden\u00ed nen\u00ed zadefinov\u00e1n v <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GRUB\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GRUB<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159i pot\u0159eb\u011b zav\u00e9st opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m s p\u0159idan\u00fdmi parametry<em> (nap\u0159. rescue m\u00f3d)<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h5>\n<p>Operativn\u00ed zaveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu z GRUB p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dky <strong><samp>grub&gt;<\/samp><\/strong> , do kter\u00e9 se dostaneme kl\u00e1vesou <strong><samp>[Esc]<\/samp><\/strong> v po\u010d\u00e1tku p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed bootov\u00e1n\u00ed a z GRUB menu kl\u00e1vesou\u00a0<strong><samp><\/samp><\/strong>. Nebo p\u0159ejde do GRUB rescue m\u00f3du <strong><samp>grub rescue&gt;<\/samp><\/strong> p\u0159i z\u00e1vad\u011b.\u00a0 V p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1dku jsou n\u00e1pomocn\u00e9 kl\u00e1vesy <strong><samp>[\u2191]<\/samp> <samp>[\u2193]<\/samp><\/strong> pro listov\u00e1n\u00ed histori\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f, <strong><samp>[Home]<\/samp><\/strong>\u00a0 <strong><samp>[End]<\/samp><\/strong> pro skoky kursoru na za\u010d\u00e1tek a konec \u0159\u00e1dku a\u00a0 <strong><samp>[Tab]<\/samp><\/strong> pro dokon\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1zv\u016f cest a soubor\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Za\u010dneme u <strong>zobrazen\u00ed disk\u016f, diskov\u00fdch odd\u00edl\u016f, RAID\u016f<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 jsou k dispozici p\u0159\u00edkazem<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>ls<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad disky, diskov\u00e9 odd\u00edly, Raidy <code>(hd0) (hd0,gpt1) (md\/0) ...<\/code>\u00a0 <strong>Zjist\u00edme odkud bootovat syst\u00e9m<\/strong> v\u00fdpisem adres\u00e1\u0159e <code>\/boot<\/code> zadan\u00fd pro ka\u017ed\u00e9 diskov\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>ls (hd0)\/boot<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>ls (hd0,gpt1)\/boot<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>ls (md\/0)\/boot<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>P\u0159\u00edklad zaveden\u00ed z 1. odd\u00edlu disku<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>set boot=(hd0,gpt1)<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>set prefix=(hd0,gpt1)\/boot\/grub<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>insmod normal<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>normal<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>Nezada\u0159\u00ed-li se&#8230;<\/h5>\n<p>Obvykle zav\u00e1d\u00edm syst\u00e9my z RAID\u016f <code>(md\/0)<\/code> a <code>(md\/2)<\/code> . <strong>Vyb\u00edr\u00e1m<\/strong> <code>(md\/2)<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>set root=(md\/2)<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Zav\u00e9st dal\u0161\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00ed moduly z adres\u00e1\u0159e <code class=&#8220;code-line&#8220;>\/boot\/grub\/i386-pc<\/code> . V\u0161echny se daj\u00ed vylistovat p\u0159\u00edkazem<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>ls \/boot\/grub\/i386-pc<\/code><\/p>\n<p>V m\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edklad\u011b zav\u00e1d\u00edm<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>insmod \/boot\/grub\/i386-pc\/raid5rec.mod<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>insmod \/boot\/grub\/i386-pc\/raid6rec.mod<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>insmod \/boot\/grub\/i386-pc\/ext2.mod<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>insmod \/boot\/grub\/i386-pc\/gzio.mod<\/code><\/p>\n<p>D\u00e1le <strong>p\u0159ednastav\u00edme j\u00e1dro<\/strong> v\u00fdb\u011brem z <code class=&#8220;code-line&#8220;>vmlinuz...<\/code> soubor\u016f (je dobr\u00e1 n\u00e1pov\u011bda kl\u00e1vesou [Tab]) a um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed ve tvaru <strong>\/dev\/&#8230;<\/strong> , konkr\u00e9tn\u011b <code class=&#8220;code-line&#8220;>root=\/dev\/md2<\/code> . Chceme-li <strong>z\u00e1chrann\u00fd m\u00f3d<\/strong> (Rescue) a ReadOnly mount, p\u0159id\u00e1me parametry\u00a0 <code class=&#8220;code-line&#8220;>ro rescue<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>linux \/boot\/vmlinuz-5.4.0.-89-generic root=\/dev\/md2 ro rescue<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem i <strong>p\u0159ednastav\u00edme image<\/strong> soubor, nutn\u00fd pro bootov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>initrd \/boot\/initrd.img-5.4.0.-89-generic<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Zah\u00e1j\u00edme <strong>bootov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>boot<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"informace_o_diskov\u00e9m_\u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-28\">Informace o diskov\u00e9m \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-28\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<h5>Zobrazen\u00ed HW informac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo z firmware disku<\/h5>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklad rovnou pro skupinu disk\u016f \/dev\/sda a\u017e \/dev\/sdz :<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo\u00a0hdparm -i \/dev\/sd?<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo hdparm -I \/dev\/sd?<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>Zobrazen\u00ed tabulky diskov\u00fdch odd\u00edl\u016f<\/h5>\n<p>Informace o odd\u00edlech disk\u016f \/dev\/sda a\u017e \/dev\/sdz<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo fdisk -l \/dev\/sd?<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>Zobrazen\u00ed typu souborov\u00e9ho odd\u00edlu<\/h5>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklad rovnou pro skupinu disk\u016f \/dev\/sda a\u017e \/dev\/sdz<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo file -sL \/dev\/sd*<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>Zobrazen\u00ed informac\u00ed\u00a0v\u0161ech disk\u016f a jejich odd\u00edl\u016f<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo parted -l<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>Zobrazen\u00ed informac\u00ed o soborov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu v\u0161ech disk\u016f a jejich odd\u00edl\u016f<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo blkid<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>Zobrazen\u00ed informac\u00ed v\u0161ech blokov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a jejich identifikace<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>lsblk -lafm<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>Zobrazen\u00ed informac\u00ed o p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch souborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>df<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>df -a<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>Zobrazen\u00ed detailn\u00edch informac\u00ed o softwarov\u00fdch RAID za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo mdadm -D \/dev\/md?<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"informace_o_iso_souboru\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-29\">Informace o iso souboru<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-29\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklad pro iso soubor:\u00a0 Fedora-Workstation-Live-x86_64-v33.iso<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>isoinfo -d -i Fedora-Workstation-Live-x86_64-v33.iso<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Selekce pouze labelu:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>isoinfo -d -i Fedora-Workstation-Live-x86_64-v33.iso |grep &quot;Volume id&quot;<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"kontrola_a_oprava_souborov\u00e9ho_syst\u00e9mu_ext4\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-30\">Kontrola a oprava souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu ext4 \ud83c\udd98<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-30\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<h5>Kontrola<\/h5>\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f Souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy odmontov\u00e1n i kdy\u017e jde jen o kontrolu, jinak m\u016f\u017ee indikovat chyby.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo umount \/dev\/sda5<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Kontrola souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo fsck.ext4 -n \/dev\/sda5<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>Oprava<\/h5>\n<p>Odmontov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo umount \/dev\/sda5<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Oprava <i>(-y vynut\u00ed ano potvrzen\u00ed)<\/i> :<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo fsck.ext4 -y -f \/dev\/sda5<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>Oprava ze z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edho superbloku (pokud je prim\u00e1rn\u00ed vadn\u00fd)<\/h5>\n<p>Odmontov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo umount \/dev\/sda5<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Oprava <i>(-y vynut\u00ed ano potvrzen\u00ed)<\/i> :<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo fsck.ext4 -y -b 32768 \/dev\/sda5<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"p\u0159edv\u00fdb\u011br_grub_menu_polo\u017eky_pro_boot\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-31\">P\u0159edv\u00fdb\u011br grub menu polo\u017eky pro boot<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-31\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkdy se hod\u00ed automaticky nabootovat syst\u00e9m z jin\u00e9 grub menu polo\u017eky, ne\u017e z t\u00e9 standardn\u011b p\u0159eddefinovan\u00e9, ani\u017e by se musela odchyt\u00e1vat grub menu nab\u00eddka.<\/p>\n<h5>V\u00fdpis menu a submenu polo\u017eek<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo grep -e &quot;menuentry &quot; -e &quot;submenu &quot; \/boot\/grub\/grub.cfg<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Zobraz\u00ed se n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho, kdy n\u00e1sledn\u00fd start syst\u00e9mu bude nap\u0159\u00edklad ze submenu polo\u017eky <code>&#039;Ubuntu, with Linux 5.11.0-46-generic&#039;<\/code> (5. \u0159\u00e1dek). Krajn\u00ed menuentry jsou hlavn\u00ed menu a odsazen\u00e1 menuentry v submenu.<br \/>\n<pre>&lt;em&gt;menuentry &#039;Ubuntu&#039; --class ubuntu ...\nsubmenu &#039;Advanced options for Ubuntu&#039; ...\n&nbsp;&nbsp;menuentry &#039;Ubuntu, with Linux 5.13.0-52-generic&#039; --class ubuntu ...\n&nbsp;&nbsp;menuentry &#039;Ubuntu, with Linux 5.13.0-52-generic (recovery mode)&#039; --class ubuntu ...\n&nbsp;&nbsp;menuentry &#039;Ubuntu, with Linux 5.11.0-46-generic&#039; --class ubuntu ...\n&nbsp;&nbsp;menuentry &#039;Ubuntu, with Linux 5.11.0-46-generic (recovery mode)&#039; --class ubuntu ...\nmenuentry &#039;Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)&#039; {&lt;\/em&gt;<\/pre><\/p>\n<h5>Popis prezentace menu polo\u017eek<\/h5>\n<p>\u010c\u00edslov\u00e1n\u00ed menuentry jsou od <code>0<\/code> . V seskupen\u00ed submenu se prezentuj\u00ed odd\u011blova\u010dem <code>&amp;gt;<\/code> (\u010d\u00edslovan\u00e9 tak\u00e9 od <code>0<\/code> ). Indexace uveden\u00e9ho v\u00fdpisu by byla <strong>1.<\/strong> \u0159\u00e1dek (hlavn\u00ed menuentry) <code>0<\/code> , <strong>2.<\/strong> \u0159\u00e1dek (hlavn\u00ed submenu) <code>1<\/code> , <strong>3.<\/strong> \u0159\u00e1dek (menuentry v submenu) <code>1&amp;gt;0<\/code>, <strong>4.<\/strong> \u0159\u00e1dek (menuentry v submenu) <code>1&amp;gt;1<\/code> , <strong>5.<\/strong> \u0159\u00e1dek (menuentry v submenu) <code>1&amp;gt;2<\/code> , <strong>6.<\/strong> \u0159\u00e1dek (menuentry v submenu) <code>1&amp;gt;3<\/code> , <strong>7.<\/strong> \u0159\u00e1dek (hlavn\u00ed menu) <code>2<\/code> .<\/p>\n<h5>Nastaven\u00ed (pro platnost pouze n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho rebootu) zvolen\u00e9 submenu polo\u017eky (5. \u0159\u00e1dek)<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo grub-reboot &quot;1&amp;gt;2&quot;<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>Kontroln\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed definice<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo cat \/boot\/grub\/grubenv<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Zobraz\u00ed se:<br \/>\n<pre>&lt;em&gt;# GRUB Environment Block\nnext_entry=1&amp;gt;2\n########################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################&lt;\/em&gt;<\/pre><\/p>\n<h5>Zru\u0161en\u00ed definice<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo grub-editenv \/boot\/grub\/grubenv unset next_entry<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>\u00a0Platnost pro ka\u017ed\u00fd reboot<\/h5>\n<p>Zde dle p\u0159\u00edkladu volbu <code>&quot;1&amp;gt;2&quot;<\/code>\u00a0 je pot\u0159eba zadefinovat p\u0159es sudo do souboru <code>\/etc\/default\/grub<\/code> zm\u011bnu parametru <code>GRUB_DEFAULT=&quot;1&amp;gt;2&quot;<\/code> . Nakonec zm\u011bnu aktivovat p\u0159\u00edkazem <code>sudo update-grub<\/code> .<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed_duplicitn\u00edch_soubor\u016f_p\u0159\u00edkazem_fdupes\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-33\">Vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed duplicitn\u00edch soubor\u016f p\u0159\u00edkazem fdupes<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-33\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>Instalace:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo apt install fdupes<\/code><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklad vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed duplicitn\u00edch soubor\u016f i pod jin\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny s nab\u00eddkou v\u00fdb\u011bru k jejich odstran\u011bn\u00ed a ignorace soubor\u016f s nulovou d\u00e9lkou:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo fdupes -rdn \/home<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed s v\u00fdsledn\u00fdm seznamem zapsan\u00fdm i do souboru:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo fdupes -rdn \/home |tee seznam.txt[\/mch-acr]<\/code><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"hexadecim\u00e1ln\u00ed_editace_disk\u016f_soubor\u016f\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-33\">Hexadecim\u00e1ln\u00ed editace disk\u016f, soubor\u016f<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-33\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<p>Nainstalovat si: <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/milchyn.cz\/xubuntu-aplikace-desktopove\/#apt-wxhexeditor\">wxhexeditor<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo wxHexEditor \/dev\/sdc<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n\u00ed_exfat_souborov\u00e9ho_syst\u00e9mu\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-34\">P\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eexFat\u201c souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-34\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<h5>Instalace<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo apt install gnome-disk-utility<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo apt install exfatprogs<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>P\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h5>\n<p>Spusit bu\u010f v aplikac\u00edch vyhled\u00e1n\u00edm: &#8222;Disky&#8220;<\/p>\n<p>nebo z p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku:<br \/>\n\ud83d\udcbb <code>gnome-disks<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Vybrat souborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10319\" src=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/gnome-disks-01-e1767348596110.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"547\" height=\"400\" \/><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ejmenovat <i>(max. 11 znak\u016f)<\/i> :<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10320\" src=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/gnome-disks-02-e1767348742114.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"134\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Vyk\u0159i\u010dn\u00edk upozor\u0148uje na stejn\u00fd n\u00e1zev. Po zm\u011bn\u011b n\u00e1zvu zmiz\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"rozd\u011blen\u00ed_disku_z_p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9_\u0159\u00e1dky\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-35\">Rozd\u011blen\u00ed disku z p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dky<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-35\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<h4>Rozd\u011blen\u00ed disku pro Xubuntu<\/h4>\n<p>\u261d\ufe0fV p\u0159\u00edkladu jde o disk \/dev\/<mark>sdx<\/mark>.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo sgdisk -o -n 1:2048:+160M -t 1:EF00 -c 1:&quot;EFI&quot; -n 2:0:+36G -t 2:8300 -c 2:&quot;LX&quot; -n 3:0:0 -t 3:8300 -c 3:&quot;HM&quot; \/dev\/sdx<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo partprobe \/dev\/sdx<\/code><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>odd\u00edl<\/strong> \u201eEFI\u201c je pro zaveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu jako UEFI, naform\u00e1tovan\u00fd jako VFAT:<br \/>\n\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo mkdosfs -F 32 -n EFI \/dev\/sdx1<\/code><\/li>\n<li><strong>odd\u00edl<\/strong> \u201eLX\u201c je pro Xubuntu syst\u00e9m, naform\u00e1tovan\u00fd jako EXT4:<br \/>\n\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo mkfs.ext4 -m 2 -L &quot;LX&quot; \/dev\/sdx2<\/code><\/li>\n<li><strong>odd\u00edl<\/strong> \u201eHM\u201c je pro domovsk\u00e9 adres\u00e1\u0159e u\u017eivatel\u016f, naform\u00e1tovan\u00fd jako EXT4:<br \/>\n\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo mkfs.ext4 -m 0 -L &quot;LX&quot; \/dev\/sdx3<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Kontroln\u00ed v\u00fdpis:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>lsblk -f \/dev\/sdx<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<h3><a id=\"s\u00ed\u0165\"><\/a><a href=\"#\" class=\"mch-gototop\" onclick=\"window.scrollTo({top: 0, behavior: 'smooth'}); return false;\">\u21a9\ufe0f\ufe0f<\/a> S\u00ed\u0165<\/h3>\n<a id=\"aktivace_ethernet_p\u0159ipojen\u00ed_z_p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9_\u0159\u00e1dky\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-36\">Aktivace Ethernet p\u0159ipojen\u00ed z p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dky<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-36\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>Pro pot\u0159ebu s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 konektivity v z\u00e1chrann\u00e9m m\u00f3du (rescue) lze s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed aktivovat pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f.<\/p>\n<h5>Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch port\u016f<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>networkctl<\/code><\/p>\n<p>V m\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je ethernet port <code>eno1<\/code> , kter\u00fd pou\u017eiji v konfigura\u010dn\u00edm souboru (dodr\u017eet postupn\u00e1 odsazen\u00ed mezerami)<\/p>\n<h5>P\u0159ipraven\u00ed definice portu<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>echo -e &quot;network:\\n ethernets:\\n\u00a0 eno1:\\n\u00a0\u00a0 dhcp4: yes&quot; &amp;gt;\/etc\/netplan\/00.yaml<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>Vygenerov\u00e1n\u00ed konfigurace<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>netplan --debug generate<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>Aktivace spojen\u00ed<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>netplan --debug apply<\/code><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>Kontrola stavu<em> (routable configured)<\/em><\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>networkctl<\/code><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>Nadefinov\u00e1n\u00ed nameserveru<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>rm -f \/etc\/resolv.conf<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>echo &quot;nameserver 8.8.8.8&quot; &amp;gt;\/etc\/resolv.conf<\/code><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>Kontrola odezvy<\/h5>\n<p>Nap\u0159. od <code>seznam.cz<\/code> :<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>ping -c 3 seznam.cz<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"dotaz_na_dostupnost_portu_slu\u017eby_vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho_c\u00edle\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-37\">Dotaz na  dostupnost portu slu\u017eby vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho c\u00edle<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-37\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklad na dostupnost str\u00e1nek Seznamu (m\u00edsto IP lze pou\u017e\u00edt dom\u00e9nov\u00e9 jm\u00e9no) :<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>nc -vzw 2 IP_ADRESA PORT_SLU\u017dBY<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>nc -vzw 2 seznam.cz 80<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>nc -vzw 2 seznam.cz 443<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"dotaz_na_dostupnost_vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho_c\u00edle\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-38\">Dotaz na dostupnost vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho c\u00edle<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-38\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>\u261d\ufe0f Nefunguje, pokud m\u00e1 c\u00edl reakci na ping zak\u00e1zanou.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>ping IP_ADRESA<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"ukon\u010den\u00ed_spojen\u00ed_pro_ur\u010dit\u00fd_port_s_ip_adresou_klienta\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-39\">Ukon\u010den\u00ed spojen\u00ed pro ur\u010dit\u00fd port s IP adresou klienta \ud83c\udd98<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-39\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklad ukon\u010den\u00ed ssh spojen\u00ed na portu <code>22<\/code> s IP adresou <code>11.22.33.44<\/code> :<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo ss -K dst 11.22.33.44 dport = 22<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"v\u00fdpis_s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho_rozhran\u00ed\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-40\">V\u00fdpis s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-40\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>ip address<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>ip link<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>ifconfig<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"v\u00fdpis_v\u0161ech_otev\u0159en\u00fdch_port\u016f_a_socket\u016f_tcp_udp_raw\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-41\">V\u00fdpis v\u0161ech otev\u0159en\u00fdch port\u016f a socket\u016f <em>(TCP, UDP, RAW)<\/em><\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-41\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdpis v\u0161ech:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>netstat -twnplua<\/code><\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdpis pouze naslouchaj\u00edc\u00edch:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo LANG=C netstat -twnplua |grep LISTEN<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<h3><a id=\"syst\u00e9m\"><\/a><a href=\"#\" class=\"mch-gototop\" onclick=\"window.scrollTo({top: 0, behavior: 'smooth'}); return false;\">\u21a9\ufe0f\ufe0f<\/a> Syst\u00e9m<\/h3>\n<a id=\"syst\u00e9mov\u00e9_logy\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-42\">Syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 logy<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-42\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>Jsou to z\u00e1znamy o \u010dinnostech a chyb\u00e1ch syst\u00e9mu, slu\u017eeb, aplikac\u00ed, zobraziteln\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad pomoc\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/limitace-journal-logu\">journalctl<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"instala\u010dn\u00ed_usb_flashdisk\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-43\">Instala\u010dn\u00ed USB flashdisk<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-43\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 Nejen pro nainstalov\u00e1n\u00ed Xubuntu, ale i k jeho odzkou\u0161en\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed instalac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/instalacni-usb-disk\">Instala\u010dn\u00ed USB flashdisk<\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"oprava_vytvo\u0159en\u00ed_grub_bootov\u00e1n\u00ed\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-44\">Oprava, vytvo\u0159en\u00ed  GRUB bootov\u00e1n\u00ed \ud83c\udd98<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-44\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<h5>P\u0159\u00edpad<\/h5>\n<p>Opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m se nechce zav\u00e9st do po\u010d\u00edta\u010de (bootovat), a\u0165 u\u017e p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny p\u0159eps\u00e1n\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed oblasti na disku nebo po nakop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu bez vytvo\u0159en\u00ed t\u00e9to zav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti.<\/p>\n<h5>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h5>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklad vytvo\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0 bootov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu<em> (p\u0159es <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GRUB\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GRUB<\/a>)<\/em> z odd\u00edlu <code>\/dev\/sdb2<\/code> disku <code>\/dev\/sdb<\/code> p\u0159ipojen\u00fd do <code>\/mnt<\/code> funk\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Pro variantu bootov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159es UEFI, tak je um\u00edst\u011bn <samp>\/boot\/efi<\/samp> na <samp>\/dev\/sdb1<\/samp>.<\/p>\n<h5>Doinstalace grub program\u016f<\/h5>\n<p>\u261d\ufe0f Syst\u00e9m, p\u0159es kter\u00fd se bude GRUB obnovovat mus\u00ed m\u00edt nainstalovanou podporu pro dan\u00fd typ bootov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako bude na obnovovan\u00e9m disku.<\/p>\n<p>Pro MBR:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo apt install grub-pc<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Pro UEFI:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo apt install grub-efi<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>P\u0159ipojit adres\u00e1\u0159 obnoven\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo mount \/dev\/sdb2 \/mnt<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Pro UEFI p\u0159idat:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo mount \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt\/boot\/efi<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>P\u0159ipojit do n\u011bj i aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed procesn\u00ed adres\u00e1\u0159e<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo mount -B \/proc \/mnt\/proc<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo mount -B \/dev \/mnt\/dev<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo mount -B \/sys \/mnt\/sys<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo mount -B \/run \/mnt\/run<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>P\u0159epnout se do p\u0159ipojen\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo chroot \/mnt<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>Upravit mount <code>\/<\/code> syst\u00e9mu na <code>\/dev\/sdb2<\/code><\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo nano \/etc\/fstab<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed Bootov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h5>\n<p>Pro MBR:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo grub-install \/dev\/sdb<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Pro UEFI:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --no-nvram --efi-directory=\/boot\/efi --bootloader-id=xubuntu<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Spole\u010dn\u00e9:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo update-grub<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo update-initramfs -c -k all<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>Odpojen\u00ed se od syst\u00e9mu<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>exit<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo umount \/mnt\/proc \/mnt\/dev \/mnt\/sys \/mnt\/run<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo umount \/mnt<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"nejde_vpisovat_heslo_luks_\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed_v_plymouth_obrazovce_b\u011bhem_bootu\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-45\">Nejde vpisovat heslo Luks \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed v Plymouth obrazovce b\u011bhem bootu \ud83c\udd98<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-45\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<h5>P\u0159\u00edpad<\/h5>\n<p>Po instalaci Xubuntu m\u016f\u017ee nast\u00e1vat probl\u00e9m, \u017ee Plymouth obrazovka b\u011bhem bootv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esko\u010d\u00ed do jin\u00e9ho rozli\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h5>P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina<\/h5>\n<p>P\u0159esko\u010den\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed splash obrazovky b\u011bhem bootu zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee plymouth ztrat\u00ed spojen\u00ed s kl\u00e1vesnic\u00ed pro zad\u00e1n\u00ed hesla.<\/p>\n<h5>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed do\u010dasn\u00e9<\/h5>\n<p>P\u0159i bootov\u00e1n\u00ed odchytit GRUB menu, v n\u011bm\u00a0<mark>vymazat splash<\/mark> a pokra\u010dovat v bootov\u00e1n\u00ed. T\u00edmto m\u00edsto nefunk\u010dn\u00edho grafick\u00e9ho zad\u00e1n\u00ed hesla bude zad\u00e1n\u00ed hesla v p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1dku.<\/p>\n<h5>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed trval\u00e9<\/h5>\n<p>M\u00edt shodn\u00e9 oboje uveden\u00e9 rozli\u0161en\u00ed v grub:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo vi \/etc\/default\/grub<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Definice:<br \/>\n<pre>&lt;i&gt;...\nGRUB_GFXMODE=&quot;1024x720&quot;\nGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=&quot;quiet splash video=1024x720@60&quot;\n...&lt;\/i&gt;<\/pre><br \/>\n\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo update-grub<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo update-initramfs -c -k all<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"udev_naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed_a_reagov\u00e1n\u00ed_na_ud\u00e1losti_v_j\u00e1d\u0159e_dle_pravidel\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-46\">udev - naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed a reagov\u00e1n\u00ed na ud\u00e1losti v j\u00e1d\u0159e dle pravidel<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-46\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>Naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed j\u00e1dra <code>uevents<\/code> slu\u017ebou <code>udevd<\/code> a reagov\u00e1n\u00ed na tyto vytvo\u0159en\u00fdmi pravidly. Definice slu\u017eby jsou v <code>\/etc\/udev<\/code> a pravidel v <code>\/etc\/udev\/rules.d<\/code> podrobn\u00e9 informace o za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v <code>\/sys<\/code> .<\/p>\n<h5>Extern\u00ed odkazy:<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.ubuntu.com\/manpages\/xenial\/man7\/udev.7.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">udev &#8211; Dynamic device management &#8211; Ubuntu Manpage<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/linuxconfig.org\/tutorial-on-how-to-write-basic-udev-rules-in-linux\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tutorial on how to write basic udev rules in Linux<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.archlinux.org\/title\/udev\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">udev &#8211; ArchWiki<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.debian.org\/udev\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">udev &#8211; Linux dynamic device management<\/a><\/p>\n<h5>Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed (Ctrl+c ukon\u010den\u00ed):<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo udevadm monitor -puk<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>V\u00fdpis parametr\u016f ud\u00e1lost\u00ed na webkame\u0159e:<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>udevadm info -q all -n \/dev\/video0<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>V\u00fdpis atribut\u016f k webkame\u0159e:<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo udevadm info -an \/dev\/video0<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>(Re)aktivace pravidel:<\/h5>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo udevadm control --reload-rules &amp;amp;&amp;amp; sudo udevadm trigger<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"zaveden\u00ed_instala\u010dn\u00edho_m\u00e9dia_ubuntu_serveru_v_rescue_m\u00f3du\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-47\">Zaveden\u00ed instala\u010dn\u00edho m\u00e9dia \u201eUbuntu serveru\u201c v rescue m\u00f3du \ud83c\udd98<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-47\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<h5>P\u0159\u00edpad<\/h5>\n<p>Je-li pot\u0159eba z\u00e1sahu na disku, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm syst\u00e9mov\u00e9m, v jeho neaktivn\u00edm stavu.<\/p>\n<h5>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h5>\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edt nap\u0159\u00edklad live distribuci \u201eUbuntu server\u201c, b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed pouze v opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti. Jedn\u00e1 se sice o m\u00f3d p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1deku, ale za to s minim\u00e1ln\u00edmi n\u00e1roky a v\u011bt\u0161inou s ji\u017e implementovanou Raid podporu (<a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/linux-2\/linux-napoveda\/diskove-uloziste\/mdadm-raid-diskove-pole\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mdadm<\/a>), podporou windows NTFS souborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu apod.<\/p>\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edkladu vych\u00e1z\u00edm z\u00a0 <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/releases.ubuntu.com\/20.04\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ubuntu-20.04.3-live-server-amd64.iso<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0 vyp\u00e1len\u00e9 na DVD.<\/p>\n<h5>Zaveden\u00ed instala\u010dn\u00edho DVD m\u00e9dia v rescue m\u00f3du<\/h5>\n<p>P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm Boot parametru <code>systemd.unit=rescue.target<\/code> (jinak by se pokra\u010dovalo v m\u00f3du instalace).<\/p>\n<p>Provede se p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00edm procesu bootov\u00e1n\u00ed z DVD opakovan\u011b kl\u00e1vesou <strong>[mezern\u00edk]<\/strong> a\u017e se objev\u00ed volba jazyka. Po zvolen\u00ed jazyka se zvol\u00ed rescue m\u00f3d kl\u00e1vesou <strong>[F6]<\/strong>, n\u00e1sledn\u011b v menu <strong>[mezern\u00edkem]<\/strong> ozna\u010dit &#8222;<code>Expert mode<\/code>&#8220; a menu opustit kl\u00e1vesou <strong>[Esc]<\/strong>. V \u0159\u00e1dku &#8222;<code>Boot Options initrd=\/casper\/initrd quiet ---<\/code>&#8220; smazat &#8222;<code>---<\/code>&#8220; a p\u0159ipsat <code>systemd.unit=rescue.target<\/code> . Nakonec potvrdit kl\u00e1vesou <strong>[Enter]<\/strong> pro pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed z DVD.<\/p>\n<p>Na v\u00fdzvu zad\u00e1n\u00ed hesla &#8222;<code>Press Enter for maintenance (or press Control-D to continue):<\/code>&#8220;\u00a0 d\u00e1t <strong>[Enter]<\/strong> a vy\u010dkat na dob\u011bhnut\u00ed a\u017e do p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1dku <code>root@ubuntu-server:~#<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Domovsk\u00fd adres\u00e1\u0159 je <code>\/root<\/code> rovn\u011b\u017e v prostoru opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti. Informace o diskov\u00fdch alokac\u00ed se zobraz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazy:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo parted -l<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo blkid<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>lsblk -a df<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost, popis zeveden\u00ed Ubuntu Serveru v rescue m\u00f3du z <a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/instalacni-usb-disk\" rel=\"noopener\">Bootovac\u00edho USB flash disku<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h5>Aktivace Ethernet p\u0159ipojen\u00ed z p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dky<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system?open=1&amp;accordion_id=aktivace-ethernet-pripojeni-z-prikazove-radky#aktivace-ethernet-pripojeni-z-prikazove-radky\">\u2139\ufe0f Opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m # Aktivace Ethernet p\u0159ipojen\u00ed z p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dky<\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"kompilace_j\u00e1dra_do_deb_bal\u00ed\u010dku_pro_ur\u010dit\u00fd_hardware\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-48\">Kompilace j\u00e1dra do .deb bal\u00ed\u010dku pro ur\u010dit\u00fd hardware<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-48\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/kernel-kompilace-jadra-do-deb-balicku\">kernel &#8211; kompilace j\u00e1dra do .deb pro ur\u010dit\u00fd hw<\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"zm\u011bna_vlastnictv\u00ed_adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f_a_soubor\u016f_zm\u011bna_uid_a_gid\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-49\">Zm\u011bna vlastnictv\u00ed adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f a soubor\u016f<em> (zm\u011bna UID a GID)<\/em><\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-49\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd u\u017eivatel je v syst\u00e9mu identifikov\u00e1n \u010d\u00edslem u\u017eivatele UID a skupiny GID (obvykle se p\u0159id\u011bluj\u00ed stejn\u00e1) identifikuj\u00edc\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f, soubor\u016f, proces\u016f. M\u016f\u017ee nastat situace, kdy u\u017eivatel m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 soubory i na jin\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu a tyto chce m\u00edt zejm\u00e9na pro nasd\u00edlen\u00ed si se stejn\u00fdm vlastnictv\u00edm. Jedna z mo\u017enost\u00ed je m\u00edt sv\u00e9 UID a GID na obou syst\u00e9mech stejn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h5>P\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159e\u010d\u00edslov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatele &#8222;uziv&#8220;<\/h5>\n<p>Pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1zornost jsou si UID a GID rozd\u00edln\u00e1. UID: <strong>1001<\/strong> -&gt; <strong>2001<\/strong> , GID: <strong>1002<\/strong> -&gt; <strong>2002<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u261d\ufe0f Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b jde o p\u0159e\u010d\u00edslov\u00e1n\u00ed indetifikace u\u017eivatele a vlastnictv\u00ed sobor\u016f, nikoli nap\u0159\u00edklad obsahu u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch skript\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazy s \u010d\u00edseln\u00fdmi UID a GID odkazy.<\/p>\n<p>\u261d\ufe0f Je dobr\u00e9 si p\u0159edem <strong>ud\u011blat z\u00e1lohu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h5>V\u00fdpis seznamu dot\u010den\u00fdch adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f a soubor\u016f<\/h5>\n<p>Je mo\u017en\u00e9 si do souboru vypsat seznam dot\u010den\u00fdch adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f a soubor\u016f dle st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch UID: <strong>1001<\/strong> a GID: <strong>1002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo find \/ -user 1001 -exec ls -ld {} \\; |tee seznam-uid.txt<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo find \/ -group 1002 -exec ls -ld {} \\; |tee seznam-gid.txt<\/code><\/p>\n<h5>Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed voln\u00fdch UID a GID<\/h5>\n<p>Nyn\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 si ov\u011b\u0159it nejsou-li nov\u00e1 UID: <strong>2001<\/strong> a GID: <strong>2002<\/strong> v syst\u00e9mu ji\u017e obsazen\u00e1<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo grep :2001: \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo grep :2002: \/etc\/group<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Pokud jsou UID a GID voln\u00e1,vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed nic nenalezne.<\/p>\n<h5>Zm\u011bna vlastnictv\u00ed adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f a soubor\u016f<\/h5>\n<p>P\u0159e\u010d\u00edslov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed UID: <strong>1001<\/strong> -&gt; <strong>2001<\/strong> , GID: <strong>1002<\/strong> -&gt; <strong>2002<\/strong> u u\u017eivatele \u201e<strong>uziv<\/strong>\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo usermod -u 2001 uziv<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo find \/ -user 1001 -exec chown -h uziv {} \\;<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo groupmod -g 2002 uziv<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo find \/home -group 1002 -exec chgrp -h uziv {} \\;<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"odstran\u011bn\u00ed_nadbyte\u010dn\u00fdch_locales\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-50\">Odstran\u011bn\u00ed nadbyte\u010dn\u00fdch locales<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-50\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>Pokud pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m Xubuntu jen v \u010desk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed a syst\u00e9movou \u010d\u00e1st v anglick\u00e9m, lze zredukov\u00e1n\u00edm u\u0161et\u0159it m\u00edsto na disku a hlavn\u011b \u010das p\u0159i aktualizac\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Uschov\u00e1n\u00ed origin\u00e1ln\u00ed konfigurace:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo cp \/etc\/locale.gen \/etc\/locale.gen.orig<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Upravit soubor konfigurace:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo vi \/etc\/locale.gen<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Ponechat v n\u011bm pouze:<br \/>\n<pre>&lt;i&gt;C.UTF-8 UTF-8\ncs_CZ.UTF-8 UTF-8\nen_US.UTF-8 UTF-8\n&lt;\/i&gt;<\/pre><br \/>\nP\u0159egenerovat:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo locale-gen<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Kontroln\u00ed v\u00fdpis:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>locale -a<\/code><br \/>\n<pre>&lt;i&gt;C\ncs_CZ.utf8\nC.utf8\nen_US.utf8\nPOSIX\n&lt;\/i&gt;<\/pre><br \/>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"vytvo\u0159en\u00ed_swap_souboru\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-51\">Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed SWAP souboru<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-51\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>Pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bez po\u0159eby usp\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 pro SWAP m\u00edt alokovan\u00fd samostatn\u00fd diskov\u00fd odd\u00edl, ale sta\u010d\u00ed m\u00edt zalo\u017een\u00fd SWAP soubor. Instal\u00e1tor Xubuntu ji\u017e tento b\u011b\u017en\u011b zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 jako <samp>\/swap.img<\/samp> .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed SWAP souboru <samp>\/swap.img<\/samp> o velikosti <strong>2GB<\/strong> :<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo fallocate -l 2G \/swap.img<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo chmod 00600\u00a0 \/swap.img<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo mkswap -L SWAP \/swap.img<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo swapon \/swap.img<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Zobrazen\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>swapon<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>free -m<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Automatick\u00fd mount:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo vi \/etc\/fstab<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Vlo\u017eit:<br \/>\n<pre>&lt;i&gt;\/swap.img\u00a0\u00a0 none\u00a0\u00a0 swap\u00a0\u00a0 sw\u00a0\u00a0 0 0&lt;\/i&gt;<\/pre><br \/>\n\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo update-initramfs -ck all<\/code><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"bliknut\u00ed_obrazovky_ka\u017ed\u00fdch_30_minut_zhasnut\u00ed_na_2_sekundy\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-52\">Bliknut\u00ed obrazovky, ka\u017ed\u00fdch 30 minut zhasnut\u00ed na 2 sekundy \ud83c\udd98<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-52\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<h5>P\u0159\u00edpad<\/h5>\n<p>Bliknut\u00ed obrazovky, ka\u017ed\u00fdch 30 minut zhasnut\u00ed na 2 sekundy.<\/p>\n<h5>P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina<\/h5>\n<p>St\u00e1v\u00e1 se ve spojitosti s b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edm Firefoxem a to jen v ur\u010dit\u00e9 konfiguraci Xubuntu, verz\u00ed jeho bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f.<\/p>\n<h5>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h5>\n<p>Vyexportovat parametr <samp>MOZ_DISABLE_RDD_SANDBOX=1<\/samp> , nejl\u00e9pe pro cel\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed zadefinov\u00e1n\u00edm do:<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcbb <code>sudo vi \/etc\/bash.bashrc<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Vlo\u017eit:<br \/>\n<pre>&lt;i&gt;...\nexport MOZ_DISABLE_RDD_SANDBOX=1&lt;\/i&gt;<\/pre><br \/>\nJednoduch\u00e1 aktivace je odhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm se z Xubuntu a zp\u011bt p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e1vody k opera\u010dn\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu Xubuntu (desktopov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed Xfce).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1144,"menu_order":-4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5655","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u2139\ufe0f Opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m - milchyn.cz<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2139\ufe0f Opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m - milchyn.cz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"N\u00e1vody k opera\u010dn\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu Xubuntu (desktopov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed Xfce).\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"milchyn.cz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-24T12:21:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/gnome-disks-01-e1767348596110.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"547\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"11 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system\",\"name\":\"\u2139\ufe0f Opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m - milchyn.cz\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/gnome-disks-01-e1767348596110.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-03T19:29:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-24T12:21:41+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/gnome-disks-01-e1767348596110.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/gnome-disks-01-e1767348596110.png\",\"width\":547,\"height\":400},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Dom\u016f\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Linux\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/pocitac-s-linuxem\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"\u2139\ufe0f Opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/\",\"name\":\"milchyn.cz\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u2139\ufe0f Opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m - milchyn.cz","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system","og_locale":"cs_CZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u2139\ufe0f Opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m - milchyn.cz","og_description":"N\u00e1vody k opera\u010dn\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu Xubuntu (desktopov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed Xfce).","og_url":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system","og_site_name":"milchyn.cz","article_modified_time":"2026-03-24T12:21:41+00:00","og_image":[{"width":547,"height":400,"url":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/gnome-disks-01-e1767348596110.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed":"11 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system","url":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system","name":"\u2139\ufe0f Opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m - milchyn.cz","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/gnome-disks-01-e1767348596110.png","datePublished":"2021-10-03T19:29:56+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-24T12:21:41+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/gnome-disks-01-e1767348596110.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/gnome-disks-01-e1767348596110.png","width":547,"height":400},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-system#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Dom\u016f","item":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Linux","item":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/pocitac-s-linuxem"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"\u2139\ufe0f Opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/#website","url":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/","name":"milchyn.cz","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"cs"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5655","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5655"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5655\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1144"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5655"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}