{"id":5540,"date":"2021-10-02T19:20:33","date_gmt":"2021-10-02T17:20:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/?page_id=5540"},"modified":"2025-09-23T02:06:33","modified_gmt":"2025-09-23T02:06:33","slug":"o-linuxu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-linuxu","title":{"rendered":"O Linuxu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V roce 1991 p\u0159i\u0161el finsk\u00fd student <a href=\"https:\/\/wikisofia.cz\/wiki\/Linus_Torvalds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Linus Torvalds<\/strong><\/a> s projektem vlastn\u00edho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu \u201eFreax\u201c, jako alternativou k tehdej\u0161\u00edm <a href=\"https:\/\/www.root.cz\/texty\/historie-operacniho-systemu-gnulinux\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drah\u00fdm nebo nepraktick\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm<\/a>. Za\u010dal v\u00fdvojem j\u00e1dra syst\u00e9mu <em>(kernelu)<\/em>, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo komunikuje s hardwarem a stalo se tak z\u00e1kladem v\u0161ech Linuxov\u00fdch opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b Androidu. Na jeho po\u010dest byl jeho projekt \u201eFreax\u201c p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n na \u201eLinux\u201c. Linus Torvalds jako hlavn\u00ed spr\u00e1vce j\u00e1dra je st\u00e1le kl\u00ed\u010dovou osobnost\u00ed Linuxu, v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 let od vzniku projektu.<\/p>\n<p>Linux je svobodn\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, jeho\u017e j\u00e1dro je vyd\u00e1no pod licenc\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNU_General_Public_License\">GPL<em> (General Public License)<\/em><\/a>. Vyzna\u010duje se flexibilitou, stabilitou, efektivitou a bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed, co\u017e mu umo\u017e\u0148uje \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed. Linux slou\u017e\u00ed jednak nen\u00e1padn\u011b v r\u016fzn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, dom\u00e1c\u00edch spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u00edch, stejn\u011b tak na serverech ve firm\u00e1ch <em>(datab\u00e1zov\u00e9, e-mailov\u00e9, webov\u00e9, &#8230;).<\/em> \u010cast\u011bji b\u00fdv\u00e1 u\u017e i na u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch k b\u011b\u017en\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<em> (internet, kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a multimedi\u00e1ln\u00ed aplikace)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o sv\u00e9bytn\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, s vlastn\u00ed filozofi\u00ed a zp\u016fsobem pr\u00e1ce. Je to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o chuti Linux tvo\u0159iv\u011b pozn\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n<h5><\/h5>\n<a id=\"jak\u00fd_opera\u010dn\u00ed_syst\u00e9m_zvolit\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-13\">Jak\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m zvolit?<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-13\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>Jde o prvotn\u00ed ot\u00e1zku. Ka\u017ed\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 p\u0159ednosti a nedostatky. Jsou subjektivn\u00ed. A\u0165 u\u017e u\u017eivatel p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed k Linuxu, nebo od n\u011bj jinam, ka\u017ed\u00e9mu vyhovuje n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho. Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b by k nov\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu m\u011bl p\u0159istupovat jako k alternativ\u011b p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9ho, v\u010detn\u011b aplikac\u00ed a ne jako k identick\u00e9 n\u00e1hrad\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"je_linux_pro_ka\u017ed\u00e9ho\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-14\">Je Linux pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho?<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-14\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>I b\u011b\u017en\u00fd u\u017eivatel si m\u016f\u017ee nainstalovat n\u011bkterou z distribuc\u00ed nebo si sjednat n\u011bkoho znal\u00e9ho \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\ud83d\udd27. Pak u\u017e jen po\u010d\u00edta\u010d pou\u017e\u00edvat b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Jde o opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pod <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNU_General_Public_License\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GPL licenc\u00ed<\/a> s mno\u017estv\u00edm aplikac\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dem, tzv.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otev%C5%99en%C3%BD_software\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Open Source<\/a>, kter\u00fd je dostupn\u00fd pro voln\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed.\u00a0Obrovskou <strong>v\u00fdhodou je, pokud si u\u017eivatel osvoj\u00ed principy fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Linuxu<\/strong> a dok\u00e1\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1dek \ud83d\ude09. Odm\u011bnou za vynalo\u017een\u00fd \u010das a energii mu bude po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd syst\u00e9m &#8222;u\u0161it\u00fd&#8220; na m\u00edru \ud83d\udc4d.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"jak_k_linuxu_p\u0159istupovat\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-15\">Jak k Linuxu p\u0159istupovat?<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-15\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>Tv\u00e1rnost Linuxu sv\u00e1d\u00ed k chaotick\u00e9mu instalov\u00e1n\u00ed a nastavov\u00e1n\u00ed. Av\u0161ak Linux je stabiln\u00ed i v zanesen\u00e9m chaosu, chyb\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jen tak neodpust\u00ed. T\u00edmto<strong> \u261d\ufe0f z\u00e1sahy do syst\u00e9mu by m\u011bly b\u00fdt s v\u011bdom\u00edm souvislost\u00ed a hlavn\u011b na n\u011b nezapomenout<\/strong>. Sn\u00e1zeji se pak dohled\u00e1v\u00e1 a prov\u00e1d\u00ed n\u00e1prava.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"existuje_podpora_u\u017eivatel\u016fm\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-16\">Existuje podpora u\u017eivatel\u016fm?<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-16\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Komunitn\u00ed podpora<\/strong> &#8211; je o pomoci na b\u00e1zi u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Sice neprov\u00e1d\u00ed opravy program\u016f, ale nahla\u0161uje chyby, navrhuje zm\u011bny v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016fm<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed podpora<\/strong> &#8211; obvykle placen\u00e1. Zahrnuje v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na opravov\u00e1n\u00ed chyb, aktualizace software, poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1ruky a podporu p\u0159i integraci<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro Xubuntu<\/strong> &#8211; p\u00e1r odkaz\u016f pro p\u0159\u00edklad<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/forum.ubuntu.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>U\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 f\u00f3rum v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; podpora i pro Xubuntu, jeliko\u017e je odno\u017e\u00ed Ubuntu<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.ubuntu.cz\/FAQ#faq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ubuntu ot\u00e1zky a odpov\u011bdi FAQ<\/a> &#8211; nejen k Ubuntu<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/xubuntu.org\/news\/tag\/faq\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Xubuntu ot\u00e1zky a odpov\u011bdi FAQ<\/a> &#8211; v angli\u010dtin\u011b<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/xubuntu.org\/help\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Podpora, f\u00f3rum,dokumentace<\/a> &#8211; v angli\u010dtin\u011b<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/xubuntu.github.io\/xubuntu-docs\/user\/C\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U\u017eivatelsk\u00e1 dokumentace Xubuntu<\/a> &#8211; v angli\u010dtin\u011b<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/xubuntu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 f\u00f3rum mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed<\/a> &#8211; v angli\u010dtin\u011b<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.ubuntu.cz\/xubuntu\/xubuntu_oku_lahod%C3%ADc%C3%AD\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nastaven\u00ed vzhledu pracovn\u00ed plochy<\/a> &#8211; okna, pozad\u00ed plochy &#8230;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.ubuntu.cz\/xubuntu\/xfce_panel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nastaven\u00ed Xfce panelu<\/a> &#8211; jedn\u00e1 se o li\u0161ty, jejich nastaven\u00ed, p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed &#8230;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.ubuntu.cz\/xubuntu\/thunar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spr\u00e1vce soubor\u016f Thunar<\/a> &#8211; popis, nastaven\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"podporuje_linux_\u010de\u0161tinu\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-17\">Podporuje Linux \u010de\u0161tinu?<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-17\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ano.<\/strong> Linux umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edvat u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b. V\u011bt\u0161ina b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed<em> (Firefox, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, &#8230;)<\/em> m\u00e1 \u010desk\u00fd p\u0159eklad. Sta\u010d\u00ed m\u00edt doinstalovan\u00fd jazykov\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek a nastavit si preferovan\u00fd jazyk.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"funguj\u00ed_v_linuxu_windows_aplikace\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-18\">Funguj\u00ed v Linuxu Windows aplikace?<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-18\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p><strong>Vcelku ano, ale ne v\u0161echny.<\/strong> Lze je spou\u0161t\u011bt pomoc\u00ed <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.winehq.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wine<\/a><\/strong> , kdy se v u\u017eivatelov\u011b adres\u00e1\u0159i vytvo\u0159\u00ed adres\u00e1\u0159 <code>~\/.wine<\/code> , kter\u00fd obsahuje v\u0161e pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro b\u011bh Windows aplikac\u00ed. Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed je <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.playonlinux.com\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PlayOnLinux<\/a><\/strong>, grafick\u00e1 nadstavba nad Wine, kter\u00e1 cel\u00fd proces zjednodu\u0161uje a automatizuje. M\u00e1 p\u0159edp\u0159ipraven\u00e9 instal\u00e1tory pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 programy.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"je_linux_zraniteln\u00fd\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-19\">Je Linux zraniteln\u00fd?<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-19\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>Linux je obecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n za velmi <strong>odoln\u00fd, av\u0161ak nikoli nezraniteln\u00fd<\/strong>. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 je <strong>dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch z\u00e1sad:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u00a01. neumo\u017e\u0148ovat napaden\u00ed p\u0159es u\u017eivatelsk\u00fd \u00fa\u010det<\/strong> <em>(zaheslovan\u00e9 p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed do syst\u00e9mu i spo\u0159i\u010de obrazovky, volit t\u011b\u017eko prolomiteln\u00e1 hesla, apod.)<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>\u00a02. pravideln\u011b z\u00e1lohovat a kontroln\u011b obnovovat \ud83d\udcc0<\/strong><em> (za zaz\u00e1lohovan\u00e9 lze pova\u017eovat pouze to, co je i obnoviteln\u00e9 \ud83d\ude09)<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>\u00a03. nenech\u00e1vat voln\u011b dostupn\u00e1 m\u00e9dia s citliv\u00fdmi daty<\/strong> <em>(USB flashdisky, extern\u00ed disky, apod.)<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>\u00a04. instalovat pouze z ov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, repozit\u00e1\u0159\u016f<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u00a05. udr\u017eovat syst\u00e9m aktualizovan\u00fd<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u00a06. pou\u017e\u00edt <a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/antiviry\/\" rel=\"noopener\">antivir<\/a><\/strong><em> (i kdy\u017e je Linux v\u016f\u010di vir\u016fm relativn\u011b imunn\u00ed)<\/em> p\u0159i sd\u00edlen\u00ed soubor\u016f mezi syst\u00e9my, aby se vir nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161el<br \/>\n<strong>\u00a07. pou\u017e\u00edvat tzv. firewall<\/strong> s pravidly pro p\u0159\u00edstup z internetu do po\u010d\u00edta\u010de i zp\u011bt a omezit pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed naslouchaj\u00edc\u00edch aplikac\u00ed<br \/>\n<strong>\u00a08. zabezpe\u010dit \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b pomoc\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-diskovem-raidu\" rel=\"noopener\">RAID<\/a><\/strong> <em>(p\u0159i poru\u0161e disku, z\u00e1stupn\u00fd disk udr\u017e\u00ed syst\u00e9m v chodu bez v\u00fdpadku)<br \/>\n<\/em><strong>\u00a09. pou\u017e\u00edvat \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> v komunikaci, na diskov\u00e9m \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti, apod.<em><br \/>\n<\/em><strong>\u00a010. monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed log\u016f<\/strong><em> (nap\u0159\u00edklad podez\u0159el\u00e9 p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00ed pokusy, dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed se na porty, apod.)<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"jak_je_to_s_aktualizacemi_linuxu\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-20\">Jak je to s aktualizacemi Linuxu?<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-20\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>Aktualizace pro Linuxu jsou. A podle pou\u017eit\u00e9 distribuce se li\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u010detnost\u00ed a d\u00e9lkou podpory jednotliv\u00fdch verz\u00ed. Syst\u00e9m lze aktualizovat bu\u010f automaticky, nebo ru\u010dn\u011b. Jinak v\u011bt\u0161inou maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 rysy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed aktualizace<em> (security updates)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Aktualizace aplika\u010dn\u00edch bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f <em>(software updates)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Aktualizace j\u00e1dra<em> (kernel updates)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Distribu\u010dn\u00ed upgrade <em>(p\u0159echod na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed verzi distribuce)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"jakou_linux_distribuci_zvolit\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-21\">Jakou Linux distribuci zvolit?<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-21\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na p\u0159edstav\u011b a \u00fa\u010delu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Distribuce maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1klad, ale li\u0161\u00ed se sv\u00fdm funk\u010dn\u00edm ur\u010den\u00edm. Zvolen\u00e1 distribuce v\u011bt\u0161inou nab\u00edz\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b dv\u011b sv\u00e9 varianty &#8211; &#8222;Server&#8220; a &#8222;Desktop&#8220;. Pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 u\u017eivatele je vhodn\u00e1 varianta Desktop, kter\u00e1 obsahuje grafick\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed a b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 aplikace pro ka\u017edodenn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.debian.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Debian<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed distribuce, je z\u00e1kladem pro:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ubuntu.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Ubuntu<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 u\u017eivatele, pro ka\u017edodenn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, multim\u00e9dia i internet a je z\u00e1kladem pro:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/xubuntu.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Xubuntu<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; odleh\u010den\u00e9 varianta (xfce prost\u0159ed\u00ed)<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lubuntu.me\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Lubuntu<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; nejodleh\u010den\u011bj\u0161\u00ed varianta<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kubuntu.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Kubuntu<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; neodleh\u010den\u00fd, jin\u00e1 vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed varianta v\u016f\u010di Ubuntu<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ubuntu-mate.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Ubuntu MATE<\/strong><\/a> \u2013 n\u00e1vaznost na GNOME prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.edubuntu.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Edubuntu<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<em> (slab\u0161\u00ed podpora \u010desk\u00e9 lokalizace)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ubuntustudio.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Ubuntu Studio<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na multimedi\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ci<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/linuxmint.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Linux Mint<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; kdo p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed k Linuxu, ur\u010dit\u00e1 podobnost k Windows<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/fedoraproject.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Fedora<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; pro v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e nebo pokro\u010dil\u00e9 u\u017eivatele, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na technologie<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/archlinux.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Arch Linux<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; pro pokro\u010dil\u00e9 u\u017eivatele, kte\u0159\u00ed si cht\u011bj\u00ed v\u0161e nastavit od z\u00e1klad\u016f\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/manjaro.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Manjaro<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; u\u017eivatelsky p\u0159\u00edv\u011btiv\u00e1 distribuce vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z Arch Linuxu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Raspberry Pi OS<\/strong><\/a> (d\u0159\u00edve Raspbian) \u2013 pro po\u010d\u00edta\u010d Raspberry Pi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"co_u_linuxu_znamen\u00e1_server_varianta\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-22\">Co u Linuxu znamen\u00e1 Server varianta?<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-22\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>Tato ot\u00e1zka m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed jak p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru instala\u010dn\u00edho souboru konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed distribuce, tak na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch obchodn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed nab\u00edzej\u00ed software specificky ozna\u010den\u00fd jako \u201eServer\u201c nebo \u201eDesktop\u201c. <strong>&#8222;Server&#8220; je pro zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00e9ho objemu dat a p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f v nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9m b\u011bhu.<\/strong> Instalace je minimalistick\u00e1, bez grafick\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed, kdy se v\u0161e pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u00fa\u010del doinstalov\u00e1v\u00e1. V\u00fdsledkem je <strong>v\u00fdkonnost, efektivita, stabilita a bezpe\u010dnost.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"p\u0159\u00edklad_po\u010d\u00edta\u010de_s_linuxem\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-23\">P\u0159\u00edklad po\u010d\u00edta\u010de s Linuxem?<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-23\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\ude0e po\u010d\u00edta\u010d na doma<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 u\u017eivatelsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost <em>(internet, multimedi\u00e1ln\u00ed a kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 aplikace)<\/em> i pro pr\u00e1ci v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e<\/li>\n<li>vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed multim\u00e9di\u00ed \ud83c\udfb9 \ud83c\udfbc \ud83c\udfa5 \ud83d\udcf7\ud83c\udfde\ufe0f<\/li>\n<li>mutlimedi\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b \ud83c\udfa5 \ud83d\udcf7 \ud83c\udfde\ufe0f sd\u00edlen\u00e9 s TV\u00a0 \ud83d\udcfa\u00a0<em> (DLNA)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>mo\u017enost tisku a skenov\u00e1n\u00ed z dom\u00e1c\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b \ud83d\udda8\ufe0f.<\/li>\n<li>podpora virtualizace<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/i-multimedia\">MultiSeat<\/a> re\u017eim <em>(3 nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 &#8222;Desktop sezen\u00ed&#8220; z jednoho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>diskov\u00fd prostor zabezpe\u010dn\u00fd v <a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-mdadm\" rel=\"noopener\">RAID s mdadm<\/a><\/li>\n<li>dal\u0161\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed \ud83d\udd10 <em>(firewall, \u0161ifrovan\u00e9 spojen\u00ed, \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, <a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/antiviry\" rel=\"noopener\">antivir<\/a>, &#8230;)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed \ud83d\udcc0<\/li>\n<li>flexibilita syst\u00e9mu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>k tomu jsem si poskl\u00e1dal z komponent po\u010d\u00edta\u010d a vybral distribuci Xubuntu.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<a id=\"jak_si_linux_nainstalovat\"><\/a><div class=\"mch-acr\"><div class=\"mch-acr-title\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"mch-acr-content-24\">Jak si Linux nainstalovat?<\/div><div id=\"mch-acr-content-24\" class=\"mch-acr-content\" hidden><\/p>\n<p>Po zvolen\u00ed distribuce Linuxu je vhodn\u00e9 si p\u0159edem odzkou\u0161et kompatibilitu s po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem a to zaveden\u00edm instala\u010dn\u00edho m\u00e9dia do opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011bti po\u010d\u00edta\u010de <em>(bez pot\u0159eby z\u00e1pisu na disk)<\/em>.<br \/>\nV dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b jsou v po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed 64 bitov\u00e9 procesory od AMD a Intel. Pro oboj\u00ed jsou instala\u010dn\u00ed soubory obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed v n\u00e1zvu &#8222;amd64&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>Linuxu je i o spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m sestaven\u00ed a nastaven\u00ed \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f. Jinak m\u016f\u017ee potr\u00e1pit \ud83e\udd2f. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli sporn\u00e9 kompatibilit\u011b n\u011bkter\u00fdch komponent a p\u0159ipojiteln\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce v\u00fdrobc\u016f vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 ovlada\u010de u\u017e i pro Linux a nebo jsou vytv\u00e1\u0159eny alternativy Linuxovou komunitou. Stejn\u011b tak je tomu u aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\ude0e Vybral jsem si Xubuntu 24.04 LTS, kter\u00fd b\u011bh z instala\u010dn\u00edho m\u00e9dia p\u0159ed instalac\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje. Sta\u010d\u00ed si vyp\u00e1lit instala\u010dn\u00ed DVD z iso souboru sta\u017een\u00e9ho ze str\u00e1nky\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/cdimage.ubuntu.com\/xubuntu\/releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/cdimage.ubuntu.com\/xubuntu\/releases<\/a>\u00a0nebo si vytvo\u0159it <a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/instalacni-usb-disk\">Instala\u010dn\u00ed USB flashdisk<\/a>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p>Po odzkou\u0161en\u00ed jsem se pustil do\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/instalace-xubuntu\">Instalace Xubuntu<\/a>. N\u00e1sledn\u011b je\u0161t\u011b do <a href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/nastaveni-xubuntu\">Nastaven\u00ed Xubuntu<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V roce 1991 p\u0159i\u0161el finsk\u00fd student Linus Torvalds s projektem vlastn\u00edho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu \u201eFreax\u201c, jako alternativou k tehdej\u0161\u00edm drah\u00fdm nebo nepraktick\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm. Za\u010dal v\u00fdvojem j\u00e1dra syst\u00e9mu (kernelu), kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo komunikuje s hardwarem a stalo se tak z\u00e1kladem v\u0161ech Linuxov\u00fdch opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b Androidu. Na jeho po\u010dest byl jeho projekt \u201eFreax\u201c p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n na \u201eLinux\u201c. Linus Torvalds [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1144,"menu_order":-99,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5540","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>O Linuxu - milchyn.cz<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sezn\u00e1men\u00ed se zaj\u00edmav\u00fdmi, praktick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi Linuxu, jeho \u0161irok\u00fdch mo\u017enostech uplatn\u011bn\u00ed, formou ot\u00e1zek a odpov\u011bd\u00ed.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-linuxu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O Linuxu - milchyn.cz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sezn\u00e1men\u00ed se zaj\u00edmav\u00fdmi, praktick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi Linuxu, jeho \u0161irok\u00fdch mo\u017enostech uplatn\u011bn\u00ed, formou ot\u00e1zek a odpov\u011bd\u00ed.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-linuxu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"milchyn.cz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-23T02:06:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"WebPage\",\"FAQPage\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-linuxu\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-linuxu\",\"name\":\"O Linuxu - milchyn.cz\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-02T17:20:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-09-23T02:06:33+00:00\",\"description\":\"Sezn\u00e1men\u00ed se zaj\u00edmav\u00fdmi, praktick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi Linuxu, jeho \u0161irok\u00fdch mo\u017enostech uplatn\u011bn\u00ed, formou ot\u00e1zek a odpov\u011bd\u00ed.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-linuxu#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-linuxu\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-linuxu#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Dom\u016f\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Linux\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/pocitac-s-linuxem\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"O Linuxu\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/\",\"name\":\"milchyn.cz\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/#\/schema\/person\/61de2272c18510edf650225b1632cd08\",\"name\":\"milchyn\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cd40f3c6df8d9682c27d950313ebfac4d302e14abe9a4f157a899d1b58281394?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cd40f3c6df8d9682c27d950313ebfac4d302e14abe9a4f157a899d1b58281394?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"milchyn\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/hn.milchyn.czcz\/hn\/www\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"O Linuxu - milchyn.cz","description":"Sezn\u00e1men\u00ed se zaj\u00edmav\u00fdmi, praktick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi Linuxu, jeho \u0161irok\u00fdch mo\u017enostech uplatn\u011bn\u00ed, formou ot\u00e1zek a odpov\u011bd\u00ed.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-linuxu","og_locale":"cs_CZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"O Linuxu - milchyn.cz","og_description":"Sezn\u00e1men\u00ed se zaj\u00edmav\u00fdmi, praktick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi Linuxu, jeho \u0161irok\u00fdch mo\u017enostech uplatn\u011bn\u00ed, formou ot\u00e1zek a odpov\u011bd\u00ed.","og_url":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-linuxu","og_site_name":"milchyn.cz","article_modified_time":"2025-09-23T02:06:33+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed":"7 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["WebPage","FAQPage"],"@id":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-linuxu","url":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-linuxu","name":"O Linuxu - milchyn.cz","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-10-02T17:20:33+00:00","dateModified":"2025-09-23T02:06:33+00:00","description":"Sezn\u00e1men\u00ed se zaj\u00edmav\u00fdmi, praktick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi Linuxu, jeho \u0161irok\u00fdch mo\u017enostech uplatn\u011bn\u00ed, formou ot\u00e1zek a odpov\u011bd\u00ed.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-linuxu#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-linuxu"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/o-linuxu#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Dom\u016f","item":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Linux","item":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/pocitac-s-linuxem"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"O Linuxu"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/#website","url":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/","name":"milchyn.cz","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"cs"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/#\/schema\/person\/61de2272c18510edf650225b1632cd08","name":"milchyn","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cd40f3c6df8d9682c27d950313ebfac4d302e14abe9a4f157a899d1b58281394?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cd40f3c6df8d9682c27d950313ebfac4d302e14abe9a4f157a899d1b58281394?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"milchyn"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/hn.milchyn.czcz\/hn\/www"],"url":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/?author=1"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5540","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5540"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5540\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1144"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milchyn.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}